1. Naming the Notes
notation, notacion (Spanish f.)
note, nota (Spanish f.)
Music is composed of elements or sounds called notes. The signs we use are called note signs or notes.
In English-speaking countries, a series of pitches are named using the first seven letters of the Roman alphabet:
A B C D E F G.
staff, stave, pentagrama (Spanish m.)
The note signs are placed on horizontal lines
and spaces. It is called the staff or stave. It is know as the pentagram.
When numbering the lines, you must number them from the bottom (1) to
the top (5) of each staff. The spaces between the lines are numbered
too, again from the bottom (1) to the top (4).
Music is read from 'left' to 'right'.
3. Placing Notes on the Staff
Note signs may lie on a line or in the
space between two lines
4. Leger or Ledger Lines
leger line, ledger line, líneas adicionales
(Spanish f.)
Note signs outside the range covered by
the lines and spaces of the staff are placed on, above or below
supplementary lines, called leger (or ledger) lines.
5. The Clef Sign
clef, clef sign, clef signature, clave
(Spanish f.)
To set the pitch of any note on the staff a
graphical symbol called a clef. The clef establishes the pitch of
the note on one particular line of the staff.
The most
commonly used clefs are treble (top left in the picture below), bass
(bottom left in the picture below) and alto (right in the picture
below).
The note we call middle C and which lies in the middle
of the alto clef (for clarity, we have shown it in red), lies one line
below the five lines of the treble clef and lies one line above the five
lines of the bass clef.
6. The
Treble Clef
treble
clef, clave de sol en segunda (Spanish
f.)
The treble
clef is also called the G clef because the centre of the clef
curls around the horizontal line marked in red in the diagram below.
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7. Naming Notes on the Treble Clef
The four inner spaces of the treble clef read upwards
spell the word FACE .
The five lines read upwards spell EGBDF which you can
remember using the phrase ' E very G ood B oy D oes F ine '.
8. The Bass Clef
bass
clef, clave de fa en cuarta (Spanish f.)
The bass clef is also called the F clef
or F4 because the two dots in the clef symbol lie above and
below the horizontal line (4), marked in red in the diagram below, associated
with the note F below middle C.
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9. The Alto Clef
alto clef, viola clef, counter-tenor clef, clave
de do (Spanish f.), clave de do en tercera (Spanish f.),
The alto clef also called C3 is one of
a number that use the C clef symbol, so named because the the clef
symbol is centered on the horizontal line (3), marked in red in the diagram
below, associated with the note middle C.
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score, partitura (Italian f., Spanish f.)
A composer creates a musical work, what we call a score, which has various structural elements.
Ut Queant Laxis Resonare Fibris is the first
line of a hymn in honour of St. John the Baptist. The Roman Breviary divides it
into three parts and assigns the first, Ut queant laxis, etc., to
Vespers, the second, Antra deserti teneris sub annis, to Matins, the
third, O nimis felix, meritique celsi, to Lauds, of the feast of the
Nativity of St. John (24 June).
This fact led to
the syllabic naming of the notes as Ut, Re, Mi, Fa,
Sol, La, as may be shown by capitalizing the initial syllables of
the hemistichs:
Guido of Arezzo, a Benedictine monk, showed his pupils
an easier method of determining the sounds of the scale than by the use of the
monochord.
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